CONSTITUENT REPORT
beta-Santalol
beta-Santalol is one of the characteristic sandalwood sesquiterpenols and a major marker of true sandalwood oils in the AromaForge archive. The evidence base reviewed here is strongest for identity, occurrence, and constituent-linked sandalwood bioactivity studies, including anti-inflammatory skin-cell work, mouse central-nervous-system data, and an in-vitro influenza replication paper. Those findings are still preclinical, so the most accurate archive framing is that beta-santalol is a key sandalwood constituent with meaningful laboratory research but limited direct human clinical evidence.
Chemical identity and composition
PubChem lists beta-santalol with formula C15H24O and InChIKey OJYKYCDSGQGTRJ-GQYWAMEOSA-N, while NIST lists the corresponding beta-santalol stereochemical entry and CAS 77-42-9. In the archive's sandalwood record, (Z)-beta-santalol is a major sesquiterpenol at 21.73%, consistent with sandalwood authentication literature that treats alpha- and beta-santalol as defining markers of Santalum album oil.
Aroma and practical use
- Use the recorded woody, soft, creamy, sandalwood, warm descriptors to explore a blend's scent character; perceived strength also depends on the other ingredients.
- Compare the recorded goal signals with the intended purpose, while keeping model assumptions separate from observed study outcomes.
- Review the flagged use concerns across every contributing oil and the selected dilution.
- Read the route, preparation and experimental context before using a study finding to choose an oil.
Reported benefits and effects
Findings retain their study context. An animal or laboratory result describes that experiment.
skin cell inflammation
A PubMed-listed abstract reported that purified alpha-santalol and beta-santalol suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine and chemokine production in skin cells and also reduced the arachidonic-acid metabolites prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane.
Measured: cytokine, chemokine, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane suppression
This experimental finding does not establish benefit, dose or safety in people using this blend.
mouse cns pharmacology
A PubMed-listed mouse study concluded that alpha- and beta-santalols may contribute to the reputed sedative effect of sandalwood preparations, and secondary summaries describe a neuroleptic-like profile by resemblance to chlorpromazine-related activities.
Measured: central nervous system effect interpretation
This experimental finding does not establish benefit, dose or safety in people using this blend.
influenza replication
A PubMed-listed Phytomedicine paper reported that beta-santalol showed in-vitro anti-influenza A/HK (H3N2) activity, with the search snippet noting 86% activity and no cytotoxicity at 100 micrograms per mL.
Measured: viral replication inhibition without cytotoxicity at tested concentration
This experimental finding does not establish benefit, dose or safety in people using this blend.
How it contributes to goal calculations
Model markers guide the formulation score. They are separate from the source findings above.
Use concerns and concentration limits
Sensitization concernFlagged
Flagged in the constituent reference; assess the source, route and finished-product concentration.
Phototoxicity concernNot flagged
Not flagged in the current model. This is not proof of absence or unrestricted safety.
Oxidation concernNot flagged
Not flagged in the current model. This is not proof of absence or unrestricted safety.
Penetration enhancementNot flagged
Not flagged in the current model. This is not proof of absence or unrestricted safety.
A recorded constituent reference, not a recommended oil dilution. Product category, source applicability and all contributing oils must be checked before use.
recorded reference · RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, santalol, CAS 11031-45-1 (PMID 38184243); human maximization test showed no sensitization at 20%Screening assumption (verified). It is not a verified constituent-specific exposure limit.
model fallback · RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, santalol, CAS 11031-45-1 (PMID 38184243); human maximization test showed no sensitization at 20%A broad Santalum-genus review states that sandalwood essential oil and related preparations have been studied for safety, but that should not be treated as a constituent-specific unrestricted-use claim for isolated beta-santalol.
This reference does not establish a therapeutic result or a safe use level for a custom oil blend.
No direct public citation is attached to this entry.
No constituent-specific public IFRA leave-on limit or phototoxic restriction for isolated beta-santalol was located in the reviewed sources.
This reference does not establish a therapeutic result or a safe use level for a custom oil blend.
No direct public citation is attached to this entry.
The accessible positive literature is preclinical and should not be translated into human therapeutic or topical-performance claims.
This reference does not establish a therapeutic result or a safe use level for a custom oil blend.
No direct public citation is attached to this entry.
Constituents it may interact with
These are research candidates recorded in the interaction matrix. They do not add a proven-amplification bonus to the score.
alpha-SantalolAmplification candidate
Candidate in the research matrix. A coefficient alone does not establish amplification at the dose, route or goal of your blend; no proven amplification is inferred from this row.
animal · effect
No source citation attached.
Read alpha-Santalol report →alpha-SantalolAmplification candidate
Candidate in the research matrix. A coefficient alone does not establish amplification at the dose, route or goal of your blend; no proven amplification is inferred from this row.
in vivo nonhuman · whole_oil
No source citation attached.
Read alpha-Santalol report →How the effects were investigated
suppression of inflammatory mediators
A skin-cell study reported that purified beta-santalol suppressed lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine and chemokine output and also reduced prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane production, supporting an anti-inflammatory laboratory mechanism.
This experimental finding does not establish benefit, dose or safety in people using this blend.
central nervous system depressant like profile
Mouse pharmacology data interpreted alpha- and beta-santalols as contributing to sedative or neuroleptic-like sandalwood effects based on resemblance to chlorpromazine-like central actions in the tested models.
This experimental finding does not establish benefit, dose or safety in people using this blend.
What this report cannot establish
- A reported constituent percentage does not establish an effective human therapeutic dose or the amount absorbed into the body.
- The presence of a constituent does not guarantee a clinical benefit, rash treatment or sleep improvement from a custom blend.
- An unflagged concern or missing use limit does not establish safety for ingestion, inhalation, skin exposure or a particular person.
- A candidate constituent interaction does not establish that two oils amplify one another at the selected proportions.
- Constituent descriptors alone do not establish a precise top, heart or base lifetime in a finished blend.
Known data gaps (7)
- No human clinical trials focused specifically on isolated beta-santalol were located in the reviewed accessible sources.
- No constituent-specific public numeric dermal-limit standard (IFRA or Tisserand) was located for isolated beta-santalol in this pass, so dermal_limit_pct remains unverified.
- The most accessible positive findings are in-vitro or animal data and should not be translated into medical claims.
- Safety-verification pass (2026-07-11): an Australian government human-health tier II assessment for sandalwood essential oil reports human patch testing with combined alpha-/beta-santalol at up to 10% (1.5% positive reaction rate in facial-dermatosis patients) and photopatch testing at 2-10% in Japan with no reactions, plus small photopatch-positive rates (0.19-2.2%) in Italy/USA cohorts; this corroborates sensitizing:true (weak) and phototoxic:false but is not a formal dermal-use-limit standard.
- Safety-verification pass (2026-07-13, worker c5): no IFRA Standard exists for beta-santalol as an isolated constituent; Tisserand & Young 'Essential Oil Safety' 2nd ed. gives a whole-oil dermal maximum of 2% for Sandalwood (Santalum album) essential oil, not an isolated-constituent limit, so the prior placeholder dermal_limit_pct of 20 (uncited) has been corrected to null rather than implying a verified constituent-specific figure.
- Some findings do not record an explicit exposure route; consult the linked study before applying them to a use.
- Interaction candidates lack an attached source citation and remain unqualified.