Vetiver (South India)

Vetiveria zizanioides

Chemotype: khusimol / isovalencenol / vetiselinenol type

dry baked earthsweetwoodycumin rootysmokygreengrassy

PLANT PART: root
EXTRACTION: steam distillation
AROMA NOTE: base

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Aroma & character

A closer look at this oil's scent, strength, and staying power.

dry baked earthsweetwoodycumin rootysmokygreengrassy

Aroma intensity: 90 / 100

Soft & subtleBold & expressive

Note layer: base

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Cited dermal maximum · leave-on: 15%
Phototoxicity: Not flagged in this profile
Oxidation risk: low

A cited maximum is a limit, not a suggested dilution. Missing restrictions do not establish safety.

No furocoumarin-driven phototoxic restriction was identified in the reviewed public sources for south Indian vetiver oil.

Contraindications & cautions

moderateFor external use only after dilution; do not apply undiluted to skin, and avoid contact with sensitive areas such as eyes. Not recommended for use on children under 3 years old, and not recommended for those with sensitive, damaged, or allergy-prone skin.
minorConsult a healthcare professional before using this oil during pregnancy and nursing.

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THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE SCENT

Inside the oil

46 constituents

An oil's character comes from its natural chemical composition. Explore each constituent to understand the connections.

About this composition

This record is anchored to the directly readable peer-reviewed GC-FID and GC-MS study of four south Indian vetiver-root oils. The paper reports south-Indian-specific concentration ranges across Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kundapur, and Mettupalayam and identifies khusimol, isovalencenol, vetiselinenol, beta-vetivenene, khusimone, alpha-vetivone, and beta-vetivone as characteristic markers.

Constituent	Typical amount	Reported range	Chemical family	Source
beta-Vetivenene	5.1%	0.8–9.4%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, beta-Vetivenene: 9.4, 0.9, 0.8, 8.1 area % across four south Indian oils)
Khusimone	1.9%	1.5–2.1%	sesquiterpene ketone	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, khusimone: 2.1, 2.1, 1.5, 1.9 area %)
Vetiselinenol	4.5%	3.7–5.9%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, vetiselinenol peak group: 3.9, 5.9, 3.7, 4.5 area %)
Khusimol	17.1%	16.1–19.2%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, khusimol peak group: 16.1, 19.2, 17.0, 16.2 area %)
Isovalencenol	6.2%	5.6–6.9%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, isovalencenol peak group: 6.4, 5.6, 5.9, 6.9 area %)
beta-Vetivone	3.2%	0.8–6.6%	sesquiterpene ketone	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, beta-Vetivone: 0.8, 6.6, 3.0, 2.3 area %)
alpha-Vetivone	3.1%	1.9–4.6%	sesquiterpene ketone	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, alpha-Vetivone peak group: 1.9, 4.6, 2.5, 3.2 area %)
Zizanoic acid	1%	1–1%	sesquiterpene acid	View source Vetiver, Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash: Biotechnology, Biorefineries, and the Production of Volatile Phytochemicals https://www.aromaticplant.org/uploads/pdfs/V.%20zizanioides%205-10-25.pdf (Table 2, India row: Zizanoic Acid 1.0%)
Eudesma-4,6-diene (delta-Selinene) + beta-Vetispirene	5%	3.9–6.1%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, eudesma-4,6-diene (delta-selinene) + beta-vetispirene peak group across Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kundapur, Mettupalayam: 3.9-6.1 area %)
13-nor-trans-Eudesma-4(15),7-dien-11-one + Amorph-4-en-10-ol	5.7%	5–6.4%	sesquiterpene ketone/alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, 13-nor-trans-eudesma-4(15),7-dien-11-one + amorph-4-en-10-ol peak group across Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kundapur, Mettupalayam: 5.0-6.4 area %)
alpha-Cubebene	0.07%	0–0.1%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1353, alpha-Cubebene: tr, 0.1, 0.1, tr area % across Ban/Hyd/Kun/Met)
alpha-Ylangene	0.23%	0.2–0.3%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1371, alpha-Ylangene: 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2 area %)
alpha-Funebrene	0.5%	0.1–1.1%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1382, alpha-Funebrene: 0.1, 0.5, 1.1, 0.3 area %)
beta-Cubebene	0.25%	0.2–0.3%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1387, beta-Cubebene: 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 0.3 area %)
alpha-Cedrene	0.23%	0.2–0.3%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1407, alpha-Cedrene: 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2 area %)
beta-Funebrene	0.33%	0.2–0.5%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1412, beta-Funebrene: 0.3, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3 area %)
2,4-Acoradiene (epimers A and B, combined)	0.75%	0.5–1.3%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1420 and RI 1439, 2,4-Acoradiene epimer A (0.4, 0.9, 0.4, 0.2) + epimer B (0.3, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) area %, summed per location then averaged)
beta-Gurjunene	0.4%	0.4–0.4%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1428, beta-Gurjunene: 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4 area %)
Preziza-7(15)-ene	0.85%	0.7–1.1%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1446, Preziza-7(15)-ene: 0.8, 0.8, 1.1, 0.7 area %)
Ziza-6(13)-ene (Khusimene)	1.6%	1.3–2%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1452, Ziza-6(13)-ene (khusimene): 1.4, 1.7, 2.0, 1.3 area %)
Ar-Curcumene	2.25%	1.4–3.7%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1473, Ar-Curcumene: 1.4, 2.0, 3.7, 1.9 area %)
alpha-Vetispirene + cis-Eudesma-6,11-diene	1.8%	1.5–2.1%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1478, alpha-Vetispirene + cis-Eudesma-6,11-diene co-eluting peak: 1.8, 1.5, 2.1, 1.8 area %)
Eudesma-3,11-diene (alpha-Selinene)	0.65%	0.5–0.8%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1492, Eudesma-3,11-diene (alpha-Selinene): 0.8, 0.6, 0.7, 0.5 area %)
delta-Amorphene	0.93%	0.4–1.8%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1498, delta-Amorphene: 1.8, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9 area %)
Sesquicineole (4,7-epoxy-bisabol-10-ene)	1.65%	1.2–2%	sesquiterpene ether	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1506, Sesquicineole (4,7-epoxy-bisabol-10-ene): 1.9, 1.5, 1.2, 2.0 area %)
gamma-Cadinene	0.25%	0–0.6%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1512, gamma-Cadinene: 0.3, 0.1, 0.6, tr area %)
Nootkatene + delta-Cadinene	2.05%	1.8–2.5%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1517, Nootkatene + delta-Cadinene co-eluting peak: 2.1, 1.8, 2.5, 1.8 area %)
alpha-Calacorene	0.53%	0.3–0.8%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1533, alpha-Calacorene: 0.4, 0.8, 0.6, 0.3 area %)
Elemol	0.25%	0–0.5%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1540, Elemol: 0.5, nd, 0.2, 0.3 area %)
beta-Calacorene	2.33%	1.6–3.7%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1551, beta-Calacorene: 1.7, 2.3, 3.7, 1.6 area %)
13-nor-Eremophila-1(10),6-dien-11-one	0.8%	0.6–1.2%	sesquiterpene ketone	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1561, 13-nor-Eremophila-1(10),6-dien-11-one: 0.6, 1.2, 0.8, 0.6 area %)
12-nor-Preziz-7(15)-en-2-one	0.25%	0.2–0.3%	sesquiterpene ketone	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1566, 12-nor-Preziz-7(15)-en-2-one: 0.3, 0.2, 0.3, 0.2 area %)
10-epi-Cubenol + Eudesma-4(15)-en-5beta-ol	2.23%	1.4–3.4%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1602, 10-epi-Cubenol + Eudesma-4(15)-en-5beta-ol co-eluting peak: 2.0, 1.4, 2.1, 3.4 area %)
Eudesma-6-en-4beta-ol	2.1%	1.7–2.4%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1608, Eudesma-6-en-4beta-ol: 2.1, 1.7, 2.4, 2.2 area %)
1-epi-Cubenol	1.15%	1–1.4%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1617, 1-epi-Cubenol: 1.1, 1.0, 1.4, 1.1 area %)
alpha-Funebren-15-al	0.28%	0.1–0.4%	sesquiterpene aldehyde	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1623, alpha-Funebren-15-al: 0.4, 0.4, 0.1, 0.2 area %)
Eremophila-1(10),6-dien-12-al	1.13%	0.9–1.3%	sesquiterpene aldehyde	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1628, Eremophila-1(10),6-dien-12-al: 1.0, 1.3, 0.9, 1.3 area %)
Ziza-6(13)-en-3-one (3beta-Me) + Ziza-6(13)-en-12-al	2.78%	0.6–4.6%	sesquiterpene ketone/aldehyde	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1646, Ziza-6(13)-en-3-one (3beta-Me) + Ziza-6(13)-en-12-al co-eluting peak: 3.1, 0.6, 2.8, 4.6 area %)
2-epi-Ziza-6(13)-en-3-one (2alpha-Me)	2.7%	2.3–3.2%	sesquiterpene ketone	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1657, 2-epi-Ziza-6(13)-en-3-one (2alpha-Me): 2.7, 2.6, 2.3, 3.2 area %)
Ziza-6(13)-en-3alpha-ol	1.65%	0.5–2.4%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1668, Ziza-6(13)-en-3alpha-ol: 2.2, 1.5, 2.4, 0.5 area %)
Eudesma-7(11)-en-4alpha-ol (juniper camphor) + (E)-Opposita-4(15),7(11)-dien-12-al + Eudesma-4(15),7-dien-2beta-ol (isovetiselinenol)	2.08%	1.9–2.4%	sesquiterpene alcohol/aldehyde	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1679, juniper camphor + (E)-opposita-4(15),7(11)-dien-12-al + isovetiselinenol co-eluting peak: 2.0, 2.0, 2.4, 1.9 area %)
Ziza-6(13)-en-3beta-ol	1.03%	0.7–1.2%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1687, Ziza-6(13)-en-3beta-ol: 0.7, 1.2, 1.1, 1.1 area %)
13-nor-Eudesma-4,6-dien-11-one	0.65%	0.6–0.7%	sesquiterpene ketone	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1692, 13-nor-Eudesma-4,6-dien-11-one: 0.7, 0.7, 0.6, 0.6 area %)
Eremophila-1(10),7-dien-2alpha-ol + Eremophila-1(10),4(15)-dien-2alpha-ol	0.68%	0.1–0.9%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1714, Eremophila-1(10),7-dien-2alpha-ol + Eremophila-1(10),4(15)-dien-2alpha-ol co-eluting peak: 0.9, 0.8, 0.1, 0.9 area %)
Eremophila-1(10),11-dien-2-one (Nootkatone)	1.1%	0.7–1.6%	sesquiterpene ketone	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1785, Eremophila-1(10),11-dien-2-one (nootkatone): 1.2, 1.6, 0.7, 0.9 area %)
7,11,8(12)-Diepoxy-eremophil-9-ene (epimer B) + (E)-Isovalencenal + trans-Eudesma-4(15),7-dien-12-yl acetate	1.6%	1–2.3%	sesquiterpene ether/aldehyde/ester	View source Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf (Table 1, RI 1800, 7,11,8(12)-diepoxy-eremophil-9-ene epimer B + (E)-eremophila-1(10),7(11)-dien-12-al [(E)-isovalencenal] + trans-eudesma-4(15),7-dien-12-yl acetate co-eluting peak: 1.6, 2.3, 1.5, 1.0 area %)

Profile source: Composition of vetiver root essential oils from 4 locations in S. India; Vetiver Essential Oil (South India); Vetiver Essential Oil profile at AromaWeb · https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Br-Rajeswara-Rao/post/How-can-i-determine-the-best-extraction-method-for-specific-essential-oils/attachment/59d627fc79197b807798654c/AS%3A328208089141249%401455262314365/download/Vetiver%2Boil%2Bcomposition.pdf ; https://hermitageoils.com/product/vetiver-essential-oil/ ; https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/vetiver-essential-oil.php

A TRADITION OF BOTANICAL CURIOSITY

Traditional & reported uses

These uses reflect the profile's reported traditions and literature. They are not established treatment recommendations.

traditionally used in aromatherapy for grounding, calming effect
reported to support restful sleep and evening relaxation
used in perfumery as a green, earthy-woody base note and fixative
traditionally associated with easing occasional stress and nervous tension
reported to support focus and stability in blends

For aromatherapy and wellness use only — not medical advice. Effect statements are traditional/reported associations, not treatment claims. The Synergy Rating scores blend craft, harmony and safety, not medical efficacy. Read the safety framework.

What we're still learning · 3 data gaps

Good decisions start with knowing what is — and isn't — in the evidence.

Several south-Indian paper peaks are grouped co-elutions rather than single-compound isolates, so the cited percentages for khusimol, vetiselinenol, isovalencenol, and alpha-vetivone are best treated as literature-backed marker ranges rather than single-isolate batch assays.
Odor intensity 90 is an archive normalization of AromaWeb's categorical 'Bold' aroma-strength band for vetiver rather than a source-native 0-100 measurement for the South India listing.
Missing source type: a directly readable South India commercial GC-MS or COA for the exact Hermitage batch with ungrouped constituent percentages and explicit CAS-level assignments.