GET TO KNOW YOUR OILS
Bitter Fennel
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. amara
Chemotype: anethole-fenchone type
- PLANT PART
- seeds
- EXTRACTION
- steam distillation
- AROMA NOTE
- top
LEARN AS YOU COMPARE
What’s inside this oil?
Constituents are the natural chemicals that give an oil its character. See the main ones, learn what they do, and explore differences between batches.
Meet the main constituents, then select one to see what makes it interesting.
FOLLOW YOUR SENSES
Aroma & character
A closer look at this oil's scent, strength, and staying power.
- Aroma intensity
- 50 / 100
- Note layer
- top
- Approximate tenacity
- 20–20 hours
If you like this scent, explore
A LITTLE CARE GOES A LONG WAY
Using it thoughtfully
Read the full safety context before bringing this oil into your routine.
- Cited dermal maximum · leave-on
- 1.8%
- Phototoxicity
- Not flagged in this profile
- Oxidation risk
- high
A cited maximum is a limit, not a suggested dilution. Missing restrictions do not establish safety.
The cited bitter-fennel supplier safety profile states the undiluted oil was nonphototoxic in the reported animal testing and no furocoumarin-based dermal restriction was identified in the selected public sources.
Contraindications & cautions
- majorThe cited bitter-fennel safety sources advise against use in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
- majorThe cited bitter-fennel safety sources advise avoiding use in children under five years of age.
- moderateThe cited safety profile warns about anticoagulant medication and notes anethole-related inhibition of platelet aggregation.
Explore measured chemistry from supplier batches
A supplier report describes a particular sample. Open this workspace to investigate measured constituents and their original documents.
THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE SCENT
Inside the oil
An oil's character comes from its natural chemical composition. Explore each constituent to understand the connections.
About this composition
The cited bitter-fennel supplier profile gives a directly readable constituent range set anchored by anethole, fenchone, estragole, limonene, alpha-pinene, alpha-phellandrene, and trace cis-anethole. EMA's assessment report was used to confirm the bitter-fennel pharmacopoeial distinction from sweet fennel, while the supplier page provides the usable quantitative composition and dermal guidance.
| Constituent | Typical amount | Reported range | Chemical family | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trans-Anethole | 68.4% | 52.5–84.3% | phenylpropanoid | View sourceFennel Bitter Essential Oil Supplier, Manufacturer & Wholesaler https://www.kusharomaexports.com/essential-oils/fennel-bitter-essential-oil ((E)-Anethole 52.5-84.3%; midpoint of cited range used because no distinct typical value was published) |
| Fenchone | 14% | 4–24% | monoterpene ketone | View sourceFennel Bitter Essential Oil Supplier, Manufacturer & Wholesaler https://www.kusharomaexports.com/essential-oils/fennel-bitter-essential-oil (Fenchone 4.0-24.0%; midpoint of cited range used because no distinct typical value was published) |
| alpha-Pinene | 5.2% | — | monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceFennel Bitter Essential Oil Supplier, Manufacturer & Wholesaler https://www.kusharomaexports.com/essential-oils/fennel-bitter-essential-oil (a-Pinene tr-10.4%; midpoint of cited trace-to-maximum range used because no distinct typical value was published) |
| Limonene | 4.95% | 0.5–9.4% | monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceFennel Bitter Essential Oil Supplier, Manufacturer & Wholesaler https://www.kusharomaexports.com/essential-oils/fennel-bitter-essential-oil ((+)-Limonene 0.5-9.4%; midpoint of cited range used because no distinct typical value was published) |
| Estragole | 4.65% | 2.8–6.5% | phenylpropanoid | View sourceFennel Bitter Essential Oil Supplier, Manufacturer & Wholesaler https://www.kusharomaexports.com/essential-oils/fennel-bitter-essential-oil (Estragole 2.8-6.5%; midpoint of cited range used because no distinct typical value was published) |
| alpha-Phellandrene | 0.75% | 0.3–1.2% | monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceFennel Bitter Essential Oil Supplier, Manufacturer & Wholesaler https://www.kusharomaexports.com/essential-oils/fennel-bitter-essential-oil (a-Phellandrene 0.3-1.2%; midpoint of cited range used because no distinct typical value was published) |
| cis-Anethole | 0.1% | — | phenylpropanoid | View sourceFennel Bitter Essential Oil Supplier, Manufacturer & Wholesaler https://www.kusharomaexports.com/essential-oils/fennel-bitter-essential-oil ((Z)-Anethole tr-0.2%; midpoint of cited trace-to-maximum range used because no distinct typical value was published) |
Profile source: Fennel Bitter Essential Oil Supplier, Manufacturer & Wholesaler; Assessment report on Foeniculum vulgare Miller subsp. vulgare var. vulgare and var. dulce fruits · https://www.kusharomaexports.com/essential-oils/fennel-bitter-essential-oil ; https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-assessment-report-foeniculum-vulgare-miller-subsp-vulgare-var-vulgare-foeniculum-vulgare-miller-subsp-vulgare-var-dulce-mill-batt-trab-fructus-revision-1_en.pdf
A TRADITION OF BOTANICAL CURIOSITY
Traditional & reported uses
These uses reflect the profile's reported traditions and literature. They are not established treatment recommendations.
- traditionally used in aromatherapy for supporting digestive comfort
- reported use in blends associated with easing occasional bloating or digestive unease
- used in perfumery for a sweet, anisic, herbaceous note
- traditionally associated with supporting a sense of clarity and mental refreshment
- reported use in massage blends for a warming, comforting sensation
For aromatherapy and wellness use only — not medical advice. Effect statements are traditional/reported associations, not treatment claims. The Synergy Rating scores blend craft, harmony and safety, not medical efficacy. Read the safety framework.
What we're still learning · 2 data gaps
Good decisions start with knowing what is — and isn't — in the evidence.
- Odor intensity 50 is a normalization of the cited medium-aroma description into the archive's 0-100 scale.
- No trusted 0-100 volatility-rate value was located, so volatility_rate remains null.