Dalmatian Sage

Salvia officinalis L.

Chemotype: alpha-thujone > camphor > 1,8-cineole type

herbaceousfruityfreshcamphoraceousthujonic

PLANT PART: leaves
EXTRACTION: steam distillation
AROMA NOTE: top

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What’s inside this oil?

Constituents are the natural chemicals that give an oil its character. See the main ones, learn what they do, and explore differences between batches.

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FOLLOW YOUR SENSES

Aroma & character

A closer look at this oil's scent, strength, and staying power.

herbaceousfruityfreshcamphoraceousthujonic

Aroma intensity: 80 / 100

Soft & subtleBold & expressive

Note layer: top
Approximate tenacity: 12–12 hours

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A LITTLE CARE GOES A LONG WAY

Using it thoughtfully

Read the full safety context before bringing this oil into your routine.

Cited dermal maximum · leave-on: 0.4%
Phototoxicity: Not flagged in this profile
Oxidation risk: Unknown

A cited maximum is a limit, not a suggested dilution. Missing restrictions do not establish safety.

No phototoxic furocoumarin restriction was verified for steam-distilled Dalmatian sage oil.

Contraindications & cautions

majorAvoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
majorHigh thujone content and possible neurotoxicity warrant very sparing use.

Read the complete safety guide

Explore measured chemistry from supplier batches

A supplier report describes a particular sample. Open this workspace to investigate measured constituents and their original documents.

THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE SCENT

Inside the oil

20 constituents

An oil's character comes from its natural chemical composition. Explore each constituent to understand the connections.

About this composition

ISO 9909 defines Dalmatian sage oil as steam-distilled leaf oil and sets normative compositional limits for the standard commercial profile. Publicly accessible literature and standards previews consistently show a Dalmatian/common sage chemotype dominated by alpha-thujone, camphor, 1,8-cineole, and beta-thujone, with alpha-humulene, alpha-pinene, camphene, limonene, linalool, bornyl acetate, beta-pinene, borneol, myrcene, p-cymene, beta-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, allo-aromadendrene, caryophyllene oxide, and viridiflorol as recurrent supporting constituents per the ISO 9909 normative table and the Baj et al. (2013) GC-MS comparison study.

Constituent	Typical amount	Reported range	Chemical family	Source
alpha-thujone	28%	17.2–27.4%	monoterpene ketone	View source The Chemotaxonomy of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) Based on the Volatile Constituents search-result summary quoting alpha-thujone 17.2-27.4% and chemotype C1c average 28.0%, https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/4/3/47
Camphor	18.6%	12.8–24.5%	monoterpene ketone	View source ISO 9909:1997 Oil of Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.); The Chemotaxonomy of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) Based on the Volatile Constituents ISO 9909 Table 1 camphor row shows 4.5-24.5%; peer-reviewed summary gives 12.8-21.4% with chemotype C1c average 18.6%, https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/17791/fd17d5982b7b481b9f22b4426d3aaa13/ISO-9909-1997.pdf ; https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/4/3/47
1,8-Cineole	10.5%	10.5–26.9%	oxide	View source The Chemotaxonomy of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) Based on the Volatile Constituents search-result summary quoting 1,8-cineole 11.9-26.9% and chemotype C1c average 10.5%, https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/4/3/47
beta-thujone	6.4%	6.4–17.7%	monoterpene ketone	View source The Chemotaxonomy of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) Based on the Volatile Constituents; Comparative analysis of alpha- and beta-thujone in the essential oil and supercritical CO2 extract of sage search-result summary quoting chemotype C1c average 6.4% beta-thujone and abstract summary quoting 17.7% beta-thujone in one sage oil, https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/4/3/47 ; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263376570_Comparative_analysis_of_a-_And_b-thujone_in_the_essential_oil_and_supercritical_CO2_extract_of_sage_Salvia_officinalis_L
alpha-Humulene	4.03%	0–12%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components (ISO 9909:1997 normative composition table) https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4: ISO 9909 requires alpha-humulene 0-12%; Table 2 literature comparison rows: 4.37, 1.47, 9.9, 2.83, 1.6, 1.6; average approx. 4.0%)
alpha-Pinene	3.75%	1–6.5%	monoterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components (ISO 9909:1997 normative composition table) https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4: ISO 9909 requires alpha-pinene 1.0-6.5%)
Camphene	4.25%	1.5–7%	bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components (ISO 9909:1997 normative composition table) https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4: ISO 9909 requires camphene 1.5-7.0%)
Limonene	1.75%	0.5–3%	monoterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components (ISO 9909:1997 normative composition table) https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4: ISO 9909 requires limonene 0.5-3.0%)
Linalool	0.5%	0–1%	monoterpene alcohol	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components (ISO 9909:1997 normative composition table) https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4: ISO 9909 requires linalool and its esters < 1%)
Bornyl acetate	1.25%	0–2.5%	monoterpene ester	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components (ISO 9909:1997 normative composition table) https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4: ISO 9909 requires bornyl acetate < 2.5%)
beta-Pinene	3.16%	0.3–9.87%	monoterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 2 literature comparison, beta-pinene rows across six studies: 4.41, 9.87, 1.7, 0.94, 0.3, 0.3; average approx. 2.9-3.2%; Table 1 own Clevenger-type 0.5 h data 0.3%)
Borneol	2.4%	1.4–2.4%	monoterpene alcohol	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 1: borneol 1.6% Deryng, 2.4% Clevenger, 1.4% SPME)
Myrcene	0.6%	0.4–0.6%	monoterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 1: myrcene 0.4% Deryng, 0.6% Clevenger, 0.2% SPME)
p-Cymene	1.3%	0.5–1.3%	monoterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 1: p-cymene 1.0% Deryng, 1.3% Clevenger, 0.5% SPME)
beta-Caryophyllene	0.6%	0.5–0.6%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 1: (E)-beta-caryophyllene 0.5% Deryng, 0.6% Clevenger, 0.6% SPME)
Terpinen-4-ol	0.2%	0.1–0.4%	monoterpene alcohol	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 1: terpinen-4-ol 0.1% Deryng, 0.2% Clevenger, 0.2% SPME)
alpha-Terpineol	0.2%	0.1–0.2%	monoterpene alcohol	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 1: alpha-terpineol 0.1% Deryng, 0.2% Clevenger, 0.2% SPME)
Allo-Aromadendrene	0.1%	0.1–0.1%	sesquiterpene hydrocarbon	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 1: allo-aromadendrene 0.1% across Deryng, Clevenger, and SPME)
Caryophyllene oxide	0.1%	0.1–0.1%	sesquiterpene oxide	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 1: caryophyllene oxide 0.1% across Deryng, Clevenger, and SPME)
Viridiflorol	7.71%	4.63–15.4%	sesquiterpene alcohol	View source GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (Table 2 literature comparison, viridiflorol rows across five studies with reported data: 4.63, 6.1, 6.41, 6.0, 15.4; average approx. 7.7%; paper identifies viridiflorol as a major fifth constituent of sage essential oil)

Profile source: ISO 9909:1997 Oil of Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.); AromaWeb Dalmatian Sage profile; The Good Scents Company sage oil dalmatian entry · https://cdn.standards.iteh.ai/samples/17791/fd17d5982b7b481b9f22b4426d3aaa13/ISO-9909-1997.pdf ; https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/dalmatian-sage-essential-oil.php ; https://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/es1010812.html

A TRADITION OF BOTANICAL CURIOSITY

Traditional & reported uses

These uses reflect the profile's reported traditions and literature. They are not established treatment recommendations.

traditionally used in small amounts in aromatherapy for a clarifying, herbaceous top note
reported to support mental clarity and focus when diffused
used in massage blends for muscle comfort after exertion
traditionally associated with easing occasional tension
used in perfumery and men's fragrance for its warm, herbaceous, camphoraceous facet

Explore related intentionsFocus & Concentration ↗Stress Relief ↗

For aromatherapy and wellness use only — not medical advice. Effect statements are traditional/reported associations, not treatment claims. The Synergy Rating scores blend craft, harmony and safety, not medical efficacy. Read the safety framework.

What we're still learning · 3 data gaps

Good decisions start with knowing what is — and isn't — in the evidence.

Odor intensity 80 is a normalization of AromaWeb's qualitative 'Strong' aroma-strength band rather than a directly published 0-100 measurement.
No public source reviewed in this pass provided a verified volatility-rate value.
The 16 additional constituent rows (alpha-humulene, alpha-pinene, camphene, limonene, linalool, bornyl acetate, beta-pinene, borneol, myrcene, p-cymene, beta-caryophyllene, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, allo-aromadendrene, caryophyllene oxide, viridiflorol) blend ISO 9909 normative ranges with the ptfarm.pl (Baj et al. 2013) own-data GC-MS table and literature-comparison averages; a single-batch commercial oil would not necessarily match every value exactly.