GET TO KNOW YOUR OILS
Dalmatian Sage
Salvia officinalis L.
Chemotype: alpha-thujone > camphor > 1,8-cineole > beta-thujone type
- PLANT PART
- leaves
- EXTRACTION
- steam distillation
- AROMA NOTE
- top
LEARN AS YOU COMPARE
What’s inside this oil?
Constituents are the natural chemicals that give an oil its character. See the main ones, learn what they do, and explore differences between batches.
Meet the main constituents, then select one to see what makes it interesting.
FOLLOW YOUR SENSES
Aroma & character
A closer look at this oil's scent, strength, and staying power.
- Aroma intensity
- 50 / 100
- Note layer
- top
If you like this scent, explore
A LITTLE CARE GOES A LONG WAY
Using it thoughtfully
Read the full safety context before bringing this oil into your routine.
- Cited dermal maximum · leave-on
- 0.4%
- Phototoxicity
- Not flagged in this profile
- Oxidation risk
- medium
A cited maximum is a limit, not a suggested dilution. Missing restrictions do not establish safety.
No phototoxic furocoumarin restriction was identified in the reviewed public sources for steam-distilled Dalmatian sage oil.
Contraindications & cautions
- majorAvoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
- majorHigh thujone content and possible neurotoxicity warrant very sparing use.
Explore measured chemistry from supplier batches
A supplier report describes a particular sample. Open this workspace to investigate measured constituents and their original documents.
THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE SCENT
Inside the oil
An oil's character comes from its natural chemical composition. Explore each constituent to understand the connections.
About this composition
This record uses publicly readable Dalmatian/common sage references that expose ISO 9909 compositional limits and corroborating open literature for the dominant thujone-camphor-cineole profile. The public ISO-linked paper explicitly states the standard commercial ranges for alpha-thujone, beta-thujone, camphor, 1,8-cineole, alpha-humulene, alpha-pinene, camphene, limonene, linalool/linalyl esters, and bornyl acetate. Table 1 of the same paper (own GC-MS data, Clevenger and Deryng hydrodistillation, 37 compounds) supplied typical percentages for these additional constituents plus beta-pinene, p-cymene, viridiflorol, manool, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, myrtenol, beta-caryophyllene, myrcene, allo-aromadendrene, caryophyllene oxide, humulene epoxide II, ledene, pinocamphone, and menthol, closing the composition to a realistic mass-balance total.
| Constituent | Typical amount | Reported range | Chemical family | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| alpha-thujone | 22.2% | 18–43% | monoterpene ketone | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components; Essential oil composition of wild growing Sage from R. Macedonia https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4, lines 235-238: ISO 9909 alpha-thujone 18.0-43.0%); https://bulletin.mfd.org.mk/volumes/Volume%2057/57_008.pdf (p. 1, lines 54-56: alpha-thujone 22.2-36.8%) |
| camphor | 24% | 4.5–24.5% | monoterpene ketone | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components; Essential oil composition of wild growing Sage from R. Macedonia https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4, lines 235-238: ISO 9909 camphor 4.5-24.5%); https://bulletin.mfd.org.mk/volumes/Volume%2057/57_008.pdf (p. 1, lines 54-55: camphor 8.4-24.0%) |
| 1,8-Cineole | 8.4% | 5.5–13% | oxide | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components; Essential oil composition of wild growing Sage from R. Macedonia https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4, lines 235-238: ISO 9909 1,8-cineole 5.5-13.0%); https://bulletin.mfd.org.mk/volumes/Volume%2057/57_008.pdf (p. 1, lines 54-55: cineole 8.4-24.0%) |
| beta-thujone | 4% | 3–8.5% | monoterpene ketone | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components; Essential oil composition of wild growing Sage from R. Macedonia https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 4, lines 235-238: ISO 9909 beta-thujone 3.0-8.5%); https://bulletin.mfd.org.mk/volumes/Volume%2057/57_008.pdf (p. 1, lines 55-56: beta-thujone 4.0-27.5%) |
| alpha-Pinene | 2.5% | 1–6.5% | monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: alpha-Pinene, Clevenger type apparatus column, 2.5%; ISO 9909 range 1.0-6.5% quoted p. 6) |
| Camphene | 4.1% | 1.5–7% | bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Camphene, Clevenger type apparatus column, 4.1%; ISO 9909 range 1.5-7.0% quoted p. 6) |
| beta-Pinene | 0.3% | 0.3–0.3% | monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: beta-Pinene, Clevenger and Deryng columns, 0.3%) |
| p-Cymene | 1.3% | 1–1.3% | monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: p-Cymene, Clevenger type apparatus column, 1.3%) |
| Limonene | 1.3% | 0.5–3% | monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Limonene, Clevenger type apparatus column, 1.3%; ISO 9909 range 0.5-3.0% quoted p. 6) |
| Linalool | 0.4% | 0.2–1% | monoterpene alcohol | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Linalool, Clevenger type apparatus column, 0.4%; ISO 9909 'linalool and its esters, <1%' quoted p. 6) |
| Bornyl acetate | 0.4% | 0.2–2.5% | monoterpene ester | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Bornyl acetate, Clevenger type apparatus column, 0.4%; ISO 9909 'bornyl acetate, <2.5%' quoted p. 6) |
| alpha-Humulene | 1.6% | 0–12% | sesquiterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: alpha-Humulene, Clevenger and Deryng columns, 1.6%; ISO 9909 range 0-12% quoted p. 6) |
| Viridiflorol | 15.4% | 6–15.4% | sesquiterpene alcohol | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Viridiflorol, Deryng apparatus column, 15.4%; described as a major volatile component alongside alpha-thujone, camphor, beta-thujone and 1,8-cineole, p. 6) |
| Borneol | 2.4% | 1.6–2.4% | bicyclic monoterpene alcohol | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Borneol, Clevenger type apparatus column, 2.4%) |
| Terpinen-4-ol | 0.2% | 0.1–0.2% | monoterpene alcohol | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Terpinen-4-ol, Clevenger type apparatus column, 0.2%) |
| alpha-Terpineol | 0.2% | 0.1–0.2% | monoterpene alcohol | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: alpha-Terpineol, Clevenger type apparatus column, 0.2%) |
| Myrtenol | 0.2% | 0.1–0.2% | monoterpene alcohol | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Myrtenol, Clevenger type apparatus column, 0.2%) |
| Manool | 5.3% | 1.8–5.3% | diterpene alcohol | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Manool, Deryng apparatus column, 5.3%; described as a major volatile component, p. 6) |
| beta-Caryophyllene | 0.6% | 0.5–0.6% | sesquiterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: (E)-beta-Caryophyllene, Clevenger type apparatus column, 0.6%) |
| Myrcene | 0.6% | 0.4–0.6% | monoterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Myrcene, Clevenger type apparatus column, 0.6%) |
| Allo-aromadendrene | 0.1% | 0.1–0.1% | sesquiterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Allo-Aromadendrene, Clevenger and Deryng columns, 0.1%) |
| Caryophyllene oxide | 0.1% | 0.1–0.1% | oxygenated sesquiterpene | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Caryophyllene oxide, Clevenger and Deryng columns, 0.1%) |
| Humulene epoxide II | 1.1% | 0.7–1.1% | oxygenated sesquiterpene | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Humulene epoxide II, Clevenger type apparatus column, 1.1%) |
| Ledene | 0.1% | 0.1–0.1% | sesquiterpene hydrocarbon | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Ledene, Clevenger and Deryng columns, 0.1%) |
| Pinocamphone | 0.2% | 0.1–0.2% | monoterpene ketone | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Pinocamphone, Clevenger type apparatus column, 0.2%) |
| Menthol | 0.1% | 0.1–0.1% | monoterpene alcohol | View sourceGC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf (p. 5, Table 1: Menthol, Deryng apparatus column, 0.1%) |
Profile source: Common Sage Essential Oil: Benefits, Uses & Insights; GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils from Salvia officinalis L.: Comparison of Extraction Methods of the Volatile Components · https://www.aromaweb.com/essential-oils/dalmatian-sage-essential-oil.php ; https://www.ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2013/1/035.pdf
A TRADITION OF BOTANICAL CURIOSITY
Traditional & reported uses
These uses reflect the profile's reported traditions and literature. They are not established treatment recommendations.
- traditionally used in small, cautious amounts in aromatherapy for mental clarity
- used in hair-care blends for a traditional scalp-supporting reputation
- traditionally associated with women's wellness rituals in folk herbal use
- used in massage blends for muscular comfort at conservative dilutions
- traditionally regarded as requiring careful dosing due to its thujone content
For aromatherapy and wellness use only — not medical advice. Effect statements are traditional/reported associations, not treatment claims. The Synergy Rating scores blend craft, harmony and safety, not medical efficacy. Read the safety framework.
What we're still learning · 3 data gaps
Good decisions start with knowing what is — and isn't — in the evidence.
- No public source reviewed in this pass published a native 0-100 odor score; `odor_intensity` 50 is a normalization of New Directions Aromatics' 'medium aroma' statement for Dalmatian sage.
- No public source reviewed in this pass published a verified numeric volatility rate or tenacity-hour span for Dalmatian sage oil.
- The 22 additional constituent rows added in this pass combine the Clevenger-type (30 min) and Deryng (3 h) hydrodistillation columns from a single own-data GC-MS study (ptfarm.pl Table 1); a single-apparatus, single-batch composition would differ, but the combined set reflects the full documented compound list for this chemotype.